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Software Informations


What is software?
Software is a compilation of instructions that would enable the user to have an interaction with the computer or make the computer perform definite tasks for them. A computer is useless without any kind of software. A computer is functional only when a software operating system is included. Listed below are the names of different software programs that the user can include in his or her computer :
* Application
* Audio software
* Game
* Operating system
* Program
* Utilities
* Video editing

Issues caused by software :
Software is counted as one of the most important causes of all the computer related issues. As there are a large number of configurations of computer hardware and also other software programs, it is almost impossible to program flawless software.

As there are various kinds of software and at the same time there crops up high potential errors and bugs at the creation of the software, software can emerge to be the leading cause for computer issues. These issues are resolved generally either by not running two or more than two programs simultaneously or by reinstalling the software.

A release of any software in the market is backed up by a detailed testing by the company or the individual.

Software Application :
Any tool that functions and operates with the help of a computer is called application software. It is basically the subclass of computer software employing the computer’s capability directly or thoroughly for a task that has to be performed by the user. Word processors, media players, spreadsheets and database applications are the most common examples of application software. When multiple applications are bundled together into a package, it is referred to as application suite. Microsoft Office, iWork and OpenOffice.org are typical examples.

Classification of Application software :
  • Enterprise software: It addresses the organization’s needs of data flow and processes (Examples include Customer Relationship Management and Supply Chain Management).
  • Enterprise infrastructure software: It provides the needed common capabilities to support the Enterprise Software systems. (e.g. Databases, Network and Security Management and Email servers).
  • Information worker software: It addresses the individual’s needs to create as well as manage information for individual projects. E.g. time management, documentation tools, resource management and collaborative.
  • Content access software: It is software that is used principally to access content (e.g. Media Players, Help browsers, Web Browsers and Games).
  • Educational software: It is connected to content access software with distinct requirements for the delivery of evaluations (tests) as well as tracking progress during material.
  • Simulation software: It is computer software for the simulation of abstract or physical systems for research, entertainment or training purposes.
  • Media development software: It addresses individual’s needs that generate print as well as electronic media most often in educational setting or a commercial one e.g. Graphic Art software, Multimedia Development software, Desktop Publishing software, HTML editors, Digital Animation editors, etc.
  • Product engineering software: It is used in the developing of hardware as well as software products. CAD and CAE are the examples.


Operating System
The interface between the hardware and the user is called the operating system. It is also responsible not only for management but also for the coordination of various activities and sharing of limited computer resources. Acting as a host for the running applications on a machine, it handles the details related to the hardware operation. Desktop computers, handheld computers, supercomputers, video game consoles, etc. use operating system.

Common operating systems are Microsoft Windows, Linux, Mac OS, BSD and Solaris. Desktops and notebooks run on Microsoft Windows while servers use Unix or Unix-like systems.

Ms-Dos :
Microsoft Disk Operating System is the operating system that has been commercialized by Microsoft. There have been many developments in this application software since the day of its inception in the 1980s.

Windows :
It is a chain of operating systems and graphical user interfaces that have been produced by Microsoft. Over the years, there have been a number of developments in Microsoft Windows software operating system. Windows Vista is the newest client version of Windows is while Windows Server 2008 is the newest server version.

Linux & Unix :
These are the other operating systems that are generally used on servers.
Programming Language & Resources :
The following is the list of the various types of languages used by the computer :
  • Array languages
  • Aspect-oriented languages
  • Assembly languages
  • Authoring languages
  • Command line interface languages
  • Compiled languages
  • Concurrent languages
  • Curly-bracket languages
  • Dataflow languages
  • Data-oriented languages
  • Data-structured languages
  • Declarative languages
  • Esoteric languages
  • Extension languages
  • Fourth-generation languages
  • Functional languages
  • Interactive mode languages
  • Interpreted languages
  • Iterative languages
  • List-based languages – LISPs
  • Little languages
  • Logic-based languages
  • Machine languages
  • Macro languages
  • Metaprogramming languages
  • Multiparadigm languages
  • Numerical analysis
  • Non-English-based languages
  • Object-oriented class-based languages
a)Multiple dispatch
b)Single dispatch
  • Object-oriented prototype-based languages
  • Off-side rule languages
  • Procedural languages
  • Reflective languages
  • Rule-based languages
  • Scripting languages
  • Stack-based languages
  • Synchronous languages
  • Syntax handling languages
  • Visual languages
  • Wirth languages
  • XML-based languages




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